stonkbuilderCOMMUNITY NeuralinkPRIME, CONVOY & VOICE trials
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Research Explainer Clinical Trial Portfolio · Regulatory & Protocol Guide Verified 30 Oct 2026

PRIME, CONVOY and VOICE clinical trials explained: protocols, enrollment and endpoints

Neuralink evaluates its investigational N1 implant and R1 surgical robot through three distinct clinical study programs: PRIME (NCT06429735) for wireless computer control, CONVOY for assistive robotic arm and physical device control, and VOICE (NCT07224256) for real-time speech restoration. As of 28 January 2026, Neuralink reported 21 participants enrolled across its clinical studies.

3Active trial programsPRIME, CONVOY and VOICE
21Enrolled participantsDisclosed by Neuralink on 28 Jan 2026
NCT06429735PRIME registry IDFirst-in-human computer control study
NCT07224256VOICE registry IDSpeech restoration clinical trial
Key points
  • PRIME (NCT06429735) is the foundational early feasibility trial testing N1/R1 safety and wireless computer cursor control in people with quadriplegia.
  • CONVOY (launched Nov 2024) allows eligible PRIME participants to test neural control of an investigational Assistive Robotic Arm (ARA) and physical mobility interfaces.
  • VOICE (NCT07224256) is a dedicated early feasibility trial decoding speech-motor cortex activity to restore rapid text and personalized voice communication.
  • All three studies operate under regulatory Investigational Device Exemptions (IDEs) in the U.S. and international partner centers (Canada, UK, UAE)—none is an FDA marketing approval.

In medical device regulation, an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) trial evaluates a specific device configuration, anatomical placement, and clinical endpoint in a defined patient population. Controlling a computer cursor from hand-motor cortex, driving a multi-axis physical robotic arm near a user's face, and decoding speech phonemes from ventral speech-motor cortex involve different risk profiles and functional metrics. Neuralink therefore structures its human clinical program across three complementary trials.

Clinical & Investigational Portfolio · Checked 30 Oct 2026 Separating PRIME, CONVOY, VOICE, and Blindsight by registry status and neural direction
PRIME · NCT06429735 Telepathy (Cursor) • Direction: Read (motor cortex) • Stage: Active human trial • Launched: 2023 (1st implant Jan '24) • Record: 11.32 BPS cursor control CONVOY STUDY Robotic Arm & Mobility • Direction: Read (motor cortex) • Stage: Active feasibility study • Launched: Nov 2024 • Demos: Arm (Oct '25), Chair (Jul '26) VOICE · NCT07224256 Speech Restoration • Direction: Read (speech motor) • Stage: Active human trial • Demos: Mar–Oct 2026 • Record: 75 WPM (5.8% WER, wk 1) BLINDSIGHT PROGRAM Cortical Vision (V1) • Direction: Write (microstimulation) • Stage: Preclinical / Breakthrough • FDA designation: Sep 2024 • Human data: None published yet
Portfolio matrix comparing PRIME, CONVOY, VOICE, and the separate preclinical Blindsight program.
ProgramRegistry / launchTarget population & cortical regionPrimary safety & feasibility focus
PRIME StudyNCT06429735 · IDE cleared May 2023; 1st implant Jan 2024Adults with quadriplegia (cervical SCI or ALS) · Primary motor cortex (hand/arm area)Surgical/device safety of N1 + R1 and independent home computer/phone control (Telepathy).
CONVOY StudyLaunched Nov 2024 (cross-enrolled with PRIME)Participants with severe upper-limb paralysis · Motor cortex multi-DOF decodingSafety and feasibility of controlling an external Assistive Robotic Arm (ARA) and physical aids.
VOICE StudyNCT07224256 · Active 2025–2026Adults with severe speech impairment / dysarthria (e.g., ALS, stroke) · Speech motor cortexReal-time neural decoding of intended speech into text and personalized natural voice output.
Patient Registryneuralink.com/trials · Open in US, Canada, UK & globalProspective volunteers with paralysis, ALS, speech loss, or blindnessPre-screening intake database matching prospective volunteers to active study sites.

Inside the PRIME Study (NCT06429735): the foundational human cohort

PRIME stands for Precise Robotically Implanted Brain–Computer Interface. According to the official PRIME Study Brochure (nl_prime_pdf) and ClinicalTrials.gov record (ct_prime), the trial evaluates both the N1 implant and the R1 surgical robot. Clinical sites include Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix, University of Miami, University Health Network (UHN) Toronto Western Hospital in Canada, and University College London Hospitals / Newcastle in the UK.

Poster illustration for From Neural Signals To Life-Changing Impact | Neuralink
Official @neuralink Video 16 Apr 2026 · 2:47 Tier 1 · Multi-Study Clinical Overview
From Neural Signals To Life-Changing Impact | Neuralink

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Official November 2025 overview ('An Introduction to the Neuralink Clinical Trials') explaining how participants join and participate in PRIME, CONVOY, and VOICE.

What the '21 participants' disclosure on 28 January 2026 means

In its official milestone post 'Two Years of Telepathy' published on 28 January 2026 (nl_two_years), Neuralink disclosed that 21 participants ('Neuralnauts') had received implants across its clinical studies—up from 1 participant in January 2024 and 7 participants at the June 2025 Summer Update (FASMejN_5gs). In June 2026, UHN Toronto Western Hospital also completed the first clinical transdural insertion (F8p2MamNBgE).

How prospective patients and families can verify official trial information

If you or a loved one are researching clinical trial eligibility, follow our step-by-step tutorial How to check Neuralink clinical trials and the Patient Registry. Legitimate clinical trials never charge enrollment fees over social media or promote crypto tokens to prospective patients.

Continue Reading in the Neuralink Cluster

Step-by-Step Tutorial

How to check clinical trials

Step-by-step tutorial on how to review Neuralink's PRIME, CONVOY and VOICE clinical trials, read ClinicalTrials.gov records and verify the Patient Registry.

Read the guide →Research Explainer

Telepathy & cursor control

Explore how Neuralink PRIME study participants use Telepathy for wireless cursor control, CAD design, digital painting, gaming and handwriting decoding.

Read the guide →Research Explainer

Speech restoration (VOICE)

How Neuralink's VOICE clinical trial (NCT07224256) decodes speech-motor cortex activity into real-time text and personalized voice synthesis at up to 75 WPM.

Read the guide →Research Explainer

Robotic arms & wheelchairs

How Neuralink's CONVOY study and Telepathy interfaces let participants control assistive robotic arms and steer powered wheelchairs with neural signals.

Read the guide →

Sources checked 30 Oct 2026

Sources and official records

  1. [1] Neuralink: Clinical Trials and Patient Registry · Verified 30 Oct 2026
  2. [2] Neuralink: PRIME Study Brochure (PDF) · Verified 30 Oct 2026
  3. [3] Neuralink: Two Years of Telepathy (28 Jan 2026) · Verified 30 Oct 2026
  4. [4] Neuralink: CONVOY Study Launch (assistive robotic arm control) · Verified 30 Oct 2026
  5. [5] Neuralink: Speech Restoration (VOICE study overview) · Verified 30 Oct 2026
  6. [6] ClinicalTrials.gov: The PRIME Study (NCT06429735) · Verified 30 Oct 2026
  7. [7] ClinicalTrials.gov: The VOICE Study for Communication Restoration (NCT07224256) · Verified 30 Oct 2026
  8. [8] Barrow Neurological Institute: PRIME Study Clinical Trial Information · Verified 30 Oct 2026
  9. [9] Neuralink YouTube (2026-04-16): From Neural Signals To Life-Changing Impact | Neuralink · Verified 30 Oct 2026